How did war world 1 impact women Essay Example for Free

How warred world 1 effect ladies Essay There are a wide range of data including exercise plans, articles and news. BBC source is a British Broadcasting Corporation. Set up in 1922,London. The originators of BBC are John Reith and George Villers. BBC design is to â€Å"enrich peopleê ¼s lives with projects and administrations that advise, instruct and entertain.† The estimations of the source are that it has beneï ¬ ts of knowing the past; this is on the grounds that they composed this quite a while after the occasion, which makes them less inclined to have compelling feelings that will make them one-sided. The source was composed long after the occasion, so it has a more noteworthy capacity to see defining moments/key occasions. This source has believability, since it was composed by scholastic position. The confinement of the source is that it isn't ï ¬ rst hand, implying that realities could be changed or deciphered distinctively after some time. This source may be one-sided in light of the fact that it is British. It may agree with their stance. As I would see it generally BBC is a reliable source. Notes Beyond Domestic Services: - WWI changed the job of ladies strategically and monetarily. - WWI gave ladies greater open doors in paying occupations. - Around 2,000,000 ladies took over menê ¼s occupations The War left ladies with an a wide scope of employments that were not accessible to them previously and various occupations openings in various ï ¬ elds â€Å"The war upset the modern situation of ladies it discovered them serfs and left them free.† Said the organizer of Cambridge College in 1918 The war changed womens jobs in processing plants. It gave ladies openings for work which was not accessible previously. Synopsis: WW1 influenced ladies in the home front since it allowed ladies a chance to substantiate themselves in a male job, accomplishing more than house work and thinking about their family. How did war world 1 effect ladies at the home front during the war? Sources Book: The us borne prologue to ï ¬ rst war world (December,6,12) O.P.V.L â€Å"The Usborne Introduction to ï ¬ rst World War† book is a dependable source since it is a book which gives point by point data and distributed works of the ï ¬ rst universal war. The root is Great Britain, distributed in 2007. The writers of the book are Ruth Brocklehurst and Henry Brook. The reason ofâ the book is to â€Å"provide an interesting and point by point prologue to the First World War. It additionally incorporates a determination of prescribed sites to take perusers considerably further, with ï ¬ lm film, photos and onlooker accounts.† The estimation of the source is knowing the past; this is on the grounds that they composed this quite a while after the occasion, which makes them more averse to have compelling feelings that will make them inclination. The source was composed long after the occasio n, it has a grater capacity to see defining moments/key occasion. This source has believability, since it was composed by scholarly power. The source is distributed, implying that it was checked for exactness commonly. The restriction of the source is that the source isn't ï ¬ rst hand, implying that realities could be changed or deciphered distinctively after some time. This source may be one-sided, in light of the fact that it is an english book. All in all this is a dependable source since it is a distributed book. Despite the fact that it might be one-sided it has realities that should be altered. Notes Women into work - Before the war, occupations were accessible to ladies, however they were restricted (for example residential work). - Before the war most were required to look out for their family - In start of war, ladies were for the most part associated with in good cause work (for example making swathes and socks to send to the warriors). - The war made numerous new openings, keeping the fighters provided with fundamental needs. - Government utilized numerous banners to convince ladies everything being equal and classes to assist in the war and production lines. - Millions of ladies assisted - Women worked phones trade, drove transports, worked horticulture and even worked hazardous, substantial occupations (for example mining, shipbuilding and pressing explosives shells.) Summary WW1 influenced ladies in the home front since ladies supplanted men occupations, they helped in any territory they could, from sending the warriors fundamental needs to maintaining hazardous sources of income. How did war world 1 effect ladies at the home front during the war? Sources http://www.nls.uk/learning-zone/history/subjects in-center/womenin-the-extraordinary war (december 7,12) O.P.V.L NlS (national library of Scotland) is a solid source since it is a library with data for instructors and others. NIS beginning is a library built up in 1880s in Britain. NIS is a legislature financed association. NIS reason for existing is to give teachers and others a verity of assets and data. The estimations of the source is, The source has beneï ¬ ts of knowing the past; this is on the grounds that theyâ wrote this quite a while after the occasion, which makes them more averse to have compelling feelings that will make them one-sided. The source was composed long after the occasion, it has a grater capacity to see defining moments/key occasion. This source has validity, since it was composed by scholastic position. The confinement of the source is that it isn't ï ¬ rst hand, implying that realities could be changed or deciphered contrastingly after some time. This source may be inclination, since it is an english government supported association, the legislature may need beneficial things to be said. In my choice generally speaking TIS is a dependable source since it is government supported, which means data is checked. Notes Women at work - During the ï ¬ rst year of the war, there was a great deal of joblessness. - Women presently took over menê ¼s occupations. - Even however ladies delighted in working and winning cash all alone, life for them was difficult. - Women worked extended periods of time, in addition to they needed to think about their youngsters Summary: WW1 influenced ladies in the home front since it changed the job of ladies, it changed the every day lives of ladies, and how the general public took a g ander at womenê ¼s jobs by and large. How did war world 1 effect ladies at the home front during the war? Sources http://www.nationalarchives.go v.uk/instruction/homefront/ladies/production lines/default.htm (December,11,12) O.P.V.L The National Archives, is a solid source since it is a source which gives nitty gritty data and dependable government sources. The source is Great Britain, distributed in 2006. The reason for the source is to â€Å"Provide numerous assets and records for individuals from the general population just as professionals.† The estimation of the source is knowing the past; this is on the grounds that they composed this quite a while after the occasion, which makes them less inclined to have forceful feelings that will make them one-sided. The source was composed long after the occasion, it has a more prominent capacity to see defining moments/key occasion. This source has validity since it was composed by scholarly power (government library). The source is distributed, implying that it was checked for precision commonly. The restriction of the source is that the source isn't ï ¬ rst hand implying that realities could be changed or deciphered contrastingly after some time. This source may be predisposition, since it is an english online library, the sources in the library may favor one side. In general this source is solid since it has a wide scope of government bolstered sources. Notes - Although ladies workedâ in processing plants previously. There was a major increments when the war began. - When men were called to the home front ladies were there to supplant them. - Women did a wide range of sorts of work. - they worked in the substance and unstable industry,made shells and bombs, electrical link and wire, outfits, garments and so on - Around 7 million ladies were utilized during the war. - Many ladies never worked and needed to figure out how to adapt to everything. (e.x. adapting to working and dealing with their family) - Some needed to head out far to work. - Some needed to work low maintenance so they could care for their kids. - Some work for ladies was perilous and dangerous. Synopsis: WW1 influenced ladies in the home front since it gave ladies a change to indicated an alternate side of ladies (for example how they can function and parity life.) Reï ¬â€šection on activity plan: I figured I did a general great job on my reï ¬â€šection plan. I thought I composed my reï ¬â€šection plan well. I like how I shaded coded the arrangement and added check boxes close to the assignment. This helped me to remain composed and to see my improvement. I figured generally I worked admirably with staying aware of my reï ¬â€šection plan. With the exception of 2 days where I didn't finish the OPVl. In any case, wound up finishing them the following couple of days. I think the activity plan helped me with this assignment. It kept me sorted out and on task.

Use of IT in the Construction Industry Research Paper

Utilization of IT in the Construction Industry - Research Paper Example Most organizations have exchanged over to IT empowered correspondence and sharing of Information and exploited the new programming accessible through IT for dealing with their work. Moderately, the Construction Industry had been falling behind others in embracing these advancements in the executives. Anyway the business is compensating for its late passage by quickening the pace of selection of IT in their work. 1.1 Statement of direction This paper targets investigating of significance of IT in the development business, and for this reason, its huge uses used by the development business are assessed. Further, the difficulties presented by the appropriation of these IT advances are concentrated in short followed by recommendations for what's to come. 1.2 Importance of IT in the Construction Industry The relationship among structure and development in the business is of critical enthusiasm to the investigation. Structure and Construction personnel’s in a coordinated group depen d intensely on ongoing and fast trade of data during the execution stage. Likewise, the task development group accessible on location faces numerous difficulties with respect to legitimate data the executives, similar to documentation and record keeping. Numerous I.T. advancements have opened up which encourage such fast trade of data. These advances can: Provide current refreshed drawings and related records to each individual from the group, along these lines decreasing the odds of blunders and wiping out the requirement for re-working. Lessen the time associated with the meeting and endorsement process through ongoing transmission of drawings and records Facilitate correspondence of changes on continuous premise during structure and development periods of the Project. Keep up all past and current drawings and records in sequential... Today Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Facilities Management are vigorously reliant upon I.T. for their shared cooperation just as for own capacities. Advancements in innovation that enables sharing and transmitting information to have realized significant changes in the business through innovative work in the territories of connecting and sharing of data, (Pena-Mora, Vadhavkar, Perkins, and Weber, 1999). Interoperability is characterized as the limit with regards to making the data stream from one point to other. Advancement and utilization of normalized data structure the establishment on which Interoperability is based. For an exceptionally divided industry like Construction (AEC/FM), the rising between operability will depend on electronic coordinated effort. The accompanying area presents an examination on the subject of electronic frameworks and their utility in the business. A large portion of the advancement of Electronic Data Interchange had risen up out of interi or needs of associations. Normally, the product presented issues and needed viability when applied to interâ€organizational trade needs of the Construction Projects. The advances in Web-based trade of data, presently applied to the Industry, encourages the trading of records as likewise the sharing of development information among members. Its flexibility permits reports to be made, dispatched and gotten, put away and evacuated with the help of the Web. Electronic frameworks offer the utilization and use of XML for documentation necessities.

Writing Persuasive Essays - Tips For Writing and Topic Selection

Writing Persuasive Essays - Tips For Writing and Topic SelectionFor writing persuasive essays, you will need to think about the audience for your written material. It is important to understand who your audience is and what their needs are. This can guide you in choosing the right topics to use for your essays.You will find that there are many different kinds of persuasive essay topics. You should always remember that the more specific the topic is, the better. Many students struggle with this issue when they first start writing their papers.Many students choose specific topics when they write an essay. As a result, they have no idea what kind of material is appropriate for this topic. They may not even know the exact difference between conversational and direct speech.However, it is best to avoid using a specific topic. Doing so will only confuse your readers. They may miss out on important information and miss out on helpful information that may be appropriate to the topic at hand. If your topic is too specific, your audience will not be able to relate to your topic.It is also best to stick to a general topic for each essay. There is often an expectation that a general topic should be informative and entertaining. However, the goal is not to entertain, but to educate your audience about a particular topic that they should know.This can be done by writing your own specific information. Your essay should not be focused on a few points but should have much more information. The goal is to inform and teach rather than to entertain.Because there are so many persuasive essay topics, you may find it difficult to narrow down your options. It is easier to use a website that offers a good list of essays that have been written and published. You can then narrow down your options by choosing the most compelling topics for your requirements.Remember that the most persuasive essay topics should be personal, challenging, and interesting. These should create an educational e nvironment that your audience will be willing to learn from. In addition, these persuasive essay topics should contain creative examples that demonstrate the depth of your knowledge and expertise.

Gender Development in Children Essay - 998 Words

There have been many theories and studies in support of the development of gender identity and gender roles. One major theory was the one put forward by Bandura and his social learning theory. Banduras social learning theory states that gender is learnt through direct and indirect reinforcement. The direct reinforcement is influenced by parents and according to the social learning theory gender identity is also reinforced through the beliefs and attitudes that the parents implement within their children through gender stereotypical behaviour. However, gender roles can also be learnt through observation and modelling of behaviour. Although Bandura did devise a theory into the explanation of development of gender identity, he did†¦show more content†¦For example, if a parent encouraging traditional female behaviour by saying to the young girl `Your look pretty in that dress, through these comments they are reinforcing gender appropriate behaviour. The influence of peers is also seen as a form of direct gender reinforcement, under the social learning theory. Again, Bandura did not have any evidence through studies to show that this was the case, so therefore Lamb and Roopnarnine took up the chance into providing empirical evidence through the use of an observational method. They observed a group of nursery schoolchildren and found that the children generally reinforced peers for gender appropriate play by giving them more attention or imitating and they were quick to criticise gender inappropriate play. So whilst having your own behaviour reinforced you are also learning by watching others behaviour being reinforced. These findings support Banduras suggestion and the idea of learning through imitation and modelling is certainly present. According to the social learning theory, the influence of the media in the formation of gender roles and identity is known as being indirectly and vicariously reinforced. It states that we can learn gender appropriate behaviour by learning from others. So by having gender stereotypes portrayed in the media, it has a powerful influence on all of us but especially on children because they are currentlyShow MoreRelatedGender And Gender Development : How Children Perceive And Develop Their Genders1649 Words   |  7 Pagesand their take on how children perceive and develop their genders. The articles explore the ways in which children express themselves and fall into specific gender roles or stereotypes. The manner in which children are gendered and taught to think in gendered terms is looked into as well. This paper also aims to clarify the difference between sex and gender, and the impact that outside forces such as parents, media, school, and society place pressures and rules on how children see themselves and areRead MoreChildren s Gender Development And Family Studies Professional991 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion that is discussed in this paper. 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The book, in my opinion, gives a very vague description of what really develops gender typing in children. My belief

Reflections in Nursing - 3087 Words

Running Head: SANTOS A Reflection Paper on Various Nursing Roles NU420 Trends in Nursing College of Nursing and Health Sciences A Reflection Paper on Various Nursing Roles Introduction As an individual reaches the stage where they come to a decision about what they want to be in life, they must look deep inside themselves. They have to reflect on what is important to them and what makes them happy. In addition, one must take into consideration the resources that are available to help the person reach their goal. In this paper, I intend to share my reflections on why I chose to become a nurse as well as and why I decided to obtain a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree. I will compare my initial perceptions on the different†¦show more content†¦With ratios averaging at about one nurse to nine patients, one can see where difficulties may lie. Morse (2000) states that comforting is an integral part of nursing (p. 35). Nurses should deliver care to patients directly in response to their needs and use a variety of comforting strategies. As a nurse assesses and evaluates her/his actions, the patient is able to meet their comfort level and perceiv e the nurses care as competent. My goal one year from now is to be able to look past the technical skills required by patients and be an expert at identifying and addressing patients who are in distress. I plan on obtaining this goal by practicing my assessment skills using Betty Neumans theory. I plan on developing my therapeutic communication skills and learning about other cultures so that I can develop better rapport with my clients. As a five-year goal, I would like to be certified in end of life care, also known as palliative care. I feel that taking care of people who are dying and their families identifies the true essence of nursing. My leadership preceptor, Commander Aubin-Kelly, stated, When medicine fails, thats when nursing shines in all its glory (M. Aubin-Kelly, personal communication, April 2, 2002). My objectives for accomplishing this goal are to educate myself regarding palliative careShow MoreRelatedNursing Reflection1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn the contex t of professional practices reflection is defined as the examination of personal thoughts and actions (David, 2004). In this essay I am reflecting on an incident that happened in my earlier years of working as a professional nurse. The incident I am sharing and the subsequent learning I have gained by reflecting it helped me in the later years of my nursing career. During my career as a professional nurse I have worked in several hospitals also attended several cases and those providedRead MoreNursing reflection.12855 Words   |  52 PagesReflective Essay This essay will look at reflection on a critical incident that has promoted a positive outcome. 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Nursing professionals should critically reflect on events to identify what health professionals might do to improve their practice and reduce the risk of a similar error. Reflective practice can help to lear n from their mistakes, be empowered and most importantly to deliver best possible care to patient as nurses must work closely with their patients to develop a therapeuticRead MoreReflections Of A Nursing Student926 Words   |  4 Pages Reflections of a Nursing Student Chibuzor Eronini University of Alberta â€Æ' Reflections of a Nursing Student The interdisciplinary course is an essential pre-requisite for after degree nursing students. As a final year nursing student, I believe this course will help me to acquire the skills necessary for inter-professional practice. Furthermore, I will be able to develop competencies necessary to provide patient-centered care. For my classroom experience, my team members and I have beenRead MoreNursing Reflection998 Words   |  4 Pagesparticipation in their child’s care. I have also gained a better insight into the type of nurse I will pursue to be. To help structure this essay I am using the framework described by Gibbs (1988). Using this framework, I have provided a strong reflection on the experience and focused on a more child-centred approach. Bethany is a 15-year-old girl, who was admitted to the theatre to have teeth removed and straighten impacted teeth. Before Bethany was taken to surgery, she was under observations

Analysis Of Hemingway s Hills Like White Elephants And Cat

Love, Distance and Dread of Duty in Hemingway’s Hills like White Elephants and Cat in the Rain Love is an all inclusive theme managed by practically every author and writer paying little respect to age, sex or nationality. In spite of the fact that adoration is inescapable in every period from antiquated circumstances up to now, the idea of affection or possibly its recognition and quality has changed with time. As an outcome of the First and Second World War individuals continuously got estranged from each other, since the individuals who saw the agitating frightful scenes on the war zones couldn t confront reality legitimately, and thus wound up noticeably separated and detached. Among them were the general population of the purported†¦show more content†¦The dread of duty additionally emerges as an issue in these stories, since it is firmly connected to distance. The accomplices fear genuine association, of uncovering their actual sentiments and musings endeavoring to stay reserved and to hold their own particular private circles. Therefore, they are unwilling to c onfer themselves totally to their dearest, since it would mean surrendering their agreeable lives in opportunity without commitments, moreover breaking their security and disengagement. Being focused on somebody implies sharing and giving up something for the benefit of both, however it is too high a value the characters (if there should arise an occurrence of these stories, the men) are prepared to pay. Love can show itself in the most different ways, including the inclination to have. It can be intense to the point that individuals can t confront the way that they truly should not and can t generally have a person. Everyone has its own particular private circle, a sort of air pocket encompassing a man which ought to be regarded even in a nearest relationship. In spite of the fact that a man needs to have his own self and hold his own life and identity, it can be taken too far when the two gatherings are excessively withdrawn from each other not having enough meeting focuses and. I t is possible that it is the outcome of or, on the other hand it comes about inShow MoreRelatedStylistic Potential of the English Noun16714 Words   |  67 Pages-30 1.5.4 Stylistic potential of the category of article determination -34 Chapter Two. Analysis of examples taken from fiction on the basis of considered theoretical phenomena -42 2.1 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of gender -43 2.2 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of number -53 2.3 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of case -55 2.4 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of article determination Read MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesCalifornia USA in 1993 with ISBN number 0-534-17688-7. When Wadsworth decided no longer to print the book, they returned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. The current version has been significantly revised. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is

Food and Culture free essay sample

That is, both mother and child are being watched, judged, and constructed by society since making a good obento may please her child and also affirm that she is a good mother, and child consuming their entire meal in a appropriate manner is considered well-taught. This social phenomenon represents that culture is constructed with power which exerts a force which operates in ways that are subtle, disguised, and accepted as everyday social practice. Another essay Carole Counihan’s â€Å"Mexicanas’ Food Voice and Differential Consciousness in the San Luis Valley of Colorado† uses the case of Ryubal to suggest how women can display differential consciousness through their practices and beliefs surrounding food. In society where traditional division of labor in cooking is still prevalent, a Mexican women Helen Ryubal challenged the traditional views of women and cooking by rejecting cooking, making husbands respect women who cooked, and involving husband in cooking. Her strategy not only minimized the subordinating dimensions of reproductive labor but also valued and benefited from the help of her mother, sister, and husband. We will write a custom essay sample on Food and Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her attempt has been based on her ideologies which was developed from differential consciousness which is â€Å"a key strategy used by dominated peoples to survive demeaning and disempowering structures and ideologies† (175). Both essays are focusing on the relationship between food and gender through each case. Allison considered obentos as a container of cultural meanings, and social expectations from women and their performance and effort in obentos. Counihan’s ethnographic research of Ryubal also provided evolved relationship between women and food which could be possible due to her differential consciousness. Two authors both used a certain level of methodology to associate with their claim such as Ideological State Apparatus and differential consciousness. This utilization strongly supports their claim and strengthens the relationship between gender and food in culture. Moreover, both authors imply the relationship food is not a mere subject but rather deeply involved with society and its ideology. As the readings focus on the relationship between gender and food, it is evident that this relationship is deeply rooted in cultural representation. To be more specific, culture constructs what is considered as normal, custom, reasonable, acceptable under ideology. The hegemonic view from this culture forms women’s custodial relationship with food. As an asian woman, I also have countless experience relating to food. Similar to most of asian culture, the society’s expectation from woman is still traditional- cooking is women’s role and they are suppose to serve their men and rest of the family. Like Ryubal’s challenge, the counter-hegemonic view toward woman’s relationship to food and reasonable, modern alternatives are necessary.

Immigration Specificity of ELLs in Canada and the USA

The issues of immigration affect the linguistic policies of the most popular destinations of newcomers, the US and Canada. The article of Fairbairn and Fox (2009) explores a great number of implications for the state agencies responsible for the formation of education curricula, assessment tools, and formulation of standards according to which the outcomes of learning are assessed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Immigration Specificity of ELLs in Canada and the USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main focus of the article is drawn upon the specificity of ELLs (English language learners) both in Canada and the USA. The authors state that there are a number of challenges for both countries in educational terms, though they have completely different approaches to facing educational challenges (Fairbairn Fox, 2009). There is much valuable information for considering the challenges ELLs face within the framewor k of the state educational policies and assessment techniques applied both in Canada and the USA. The state policies foster the homogeneous, standardized approach to testing and measuring outcomes of studies, while the ELLs are a highly dynamic and heterogeneous group of learners. The immigrants come from various backgrounds, and their socio-cultural specificity is always the decisive factor in the field of retaining academic information. Hence, Fairbairn and Fox (2009) indicate that the main consequences of the unified approach and ignoring the uniqueness of numerous ELL groups in the Canadian and American schools include: ELLs’ underperformance, high levels of drop-outs, little chance to retain good statistics of learning progress for schools with a high percentage of ELLs, the misleading effect of test outcomes, as well as the individual ones such as the low levels of self-esteem of ELLs who fall behind the mainstream category of students. The reality is adequately reflect ed in the article of Fairbairn and Fox (2009): while much attention is paid to the student achievement, the tests absolutely not appropriated for measuring the academic knowledge and skills of ELLs. There are two sets of activities that should be undertaken on the state and provincial level to increase the ability of states to meet the heterogeneity of ELLs’ needs. They are designed for test developers and decision-makers, and focus on the specific areas of their responsibilities and powers that can be enacted to improve the situation with testing standards for ELLs. As for the implications for test developers, one has to pay attention to such recommendations as including graphic/visual support, adjusting the test development process to include practical experience of teachers in the classroom regarding the needs of ELLs, and using plain language for testing design (Fairbairn Fox, 2009). Until the centrality of a test taker is recognized, no stakeholder in the educational pr ocess will be able to make the educational process compliant with the testing outcomes.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is clear that tests are detached from the everyday reality in the classroom, which is easy for native speakers to cope with because of the sufficient volume of background knowledge in English, but which can become a real challenge for ELLs reducing their testing scores. Continuation of research and development of appropriate test support also appear essential on the way to successful inclusion of ELLs in the Canadian and American educational context. As for decision-makers in Canada and the USA, one should note the necessity to recognize texture within ELL population (as the only way to enhance the categorization thereof), and to write clear and appropriate ELL assessment policies (Fairbairn Fox, 2009). Recognition of ELL uniqueness is the first step for th e appropriate legal action towards the policy of inclusion. Further on, the inclusion of ELL-specific requirements in requests for proposals should be implemented throughout the testing process, since the expertise of teachers working with ELLs must be put to the fore in the policy formation regarding this issue (Fairbairn Fox, 2009). Appropriate assignment of accommodations, proper scoring and interpretation of results for ELL testing are an urgent necessity to ensure the provision of adequate attention to the educational needs of ELLs and their further progress in English language learning outcomes. This essay on Immigration Specificity of ELLs in Canada and the USA was written and submitted by user Howard Saint to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Assisted suicide for terminally ill pat Essays

Assisted suicide for terminally ill pat Essays Assisted suicide for terminally ill pat Essay Assisted suicide for terminally ill pat Essay Being able to choose when to die Is a human right. This exact point is presented In the article Perhaps Ill say goodbye on Twitter. According to Tony Nicholson, who Is a 58 year old, patient who has been able to move only his eyelids since suffering a stroke In 2005, It Is the most fundamental human right. He told the Journalist and former nurse Nina Alaskan, that: he was simply seeking the same right to die that able-bodied people were able to exercise independently. However, if he is provided his right, it would be a change of law as Alison Pearson claims, in the article Do any of us, however ill, have the right to die? She believes in the exact opposite. She is oppose assisted suicide, and her article is kind of a response to the argumentations of Tony Nicholson. She starts out her article by explaining how only a complete idiot would put cancer on their top of their whists: Other than that you would have to be seriously warped, mad even, to choose a brutal, life-threatening illness. Yet Tony Nicholson says he wants to get cancer. Cancer Is Tonys best hope. If Tony cannot be offered the opportunity to commit assisted seclude, he would rather die by the hand of cancer, because Tony Anklebones only desire Is to leave this world of suffering. Alison Pearson Is contradicting Tony Nicholson by saying that It is wrong to give doctors the right to kill patients, and on the other hand, she devises other alternatives to die. For example she brings up the fact, tattoo could just refuse medical treatment, as it is legal, and she further explains that: l certainly plan to have one of those handy when Im old and at the mercy of our marvelous care yester, explaining that she might use this method herself without having to change the law. 2. In the article l would help a relative on the final Journey, Vicki Woods has a powerful way to express her views on assisted suicide, by using her own personal experiences. By appealing to our sense, she provides a logos-marked argumentation. Her mall view on assisted suicide Is Id help my blood family to assisted seclude rather than cart them off to Dignities via Asset and a bus trip. She supports her view by another argumentation, where she substantiate her main argumentation by eying We need a better form of assisted suicide than hauling very sick people off to Switzerland. A very meaningful argumentation, in which she describes how it is wrong to force very sick people that will suffer more to travel to Switzerland, than staying home and letting the nature take its course. However, she is only willing to help a member of her own family, as she claims that she cannot carry the responsibility for a friend, as it can get her in conflict with the patients own family. It is not her right to choose whether the family need a member less or not. By using her win experiences, she does not only appeal to our sense, but also to our feelings. Our feelings are our major weaknesses, and Black Woods Is fully aware of that, as she tries to reach everyone, by saying l wasnt shocked that thoughts of assisted seclude had floated into her mind, while referring to her close friend. And further she says, Because It moats Into my mina every time tenures another enraptured landmark legal battle trumpeting through the newspaper. She gives us a bigger perspective, so that we can relate to what she has to say, by referring to a whole country. We can identify tit her experiences as we all have heard at least once about people suffering from diseases. Her experience gives her a further knowledge about this issue, which provides her the opportunity to use ethos as a method to appeal to our respect for her. . As it is presented in the article Do any of us, however ill, have the right to die? , by Allison Pearson, there is no terms of illness that provide the right to die. None of us would want to be shut up in the prison of ourselves with only a blinking eyelid to communicate with the world, Alison Pearson expresses. However, she still claims, hat it is wrong to change the law of the land, because of one persons desire. I agree with her, in every argumentation she expresses, because she has a way to convince people, that what Tony Nicholson desire is a change of law, and a complete change of nature. A change that will give doctors the right to kill a profoundly disable person, and call it mercy not murder, as Alison Pearson states it so precisely. In such terms, it should be absolutely in emergency situations, that a terminally ill patient can seek assisted suicide, thought I am not saying it should be legal in Britain. All I m trying to say, is that it is okay, in such cases, to fly to Switzerland to fulfill your desire, because a change of law would provide everyone, no matter terms of illness to seek assisted suicide. However, it is a personal right when you choose to die, but in some cases, it is a very dangerous right, because some patients are not able to decide at all. In these situations, it is the familys Job to decide, whether the patient is ill enough to accomplish this opportunity or not. This responsibility can be used in a malicious way, as the family can abuse this right to their own utility, like inheritance.

What is the most important learning for you in the material on Essay

What is the most important learning for you in the material on Hinduism In other words, explain one thing you have learned and why it is important, in your view - Essay Example These explanations became â€Å"a way of life† to achieve enlightenment that influenced modern society all over the world that words like karma, guru, dharma became part of our modern vocabulary. I learned the application of this concept which is really to seek for love (not the romantic one but the love for humanity), enlightenment, avoidance of conflict and world peace which are all geared towards enlightenment to improve the karma which is really the cycle of birth and rebirth or an effort to perpetually improve. This also partially explains what is common among all religion, that it is just humanly constructed for us to be enlightened through the guidance of some divine ideas. Through this important lesson about Buddhism, I also learned that self-improvement, learning and the effort to be better is part of divine plan for us to achieve enlightenment and peace within ourselves the people around

Marketing strategy and activities of an organisation Assignment

Marketing strategy and activities of an organisation - Assignment Example The paper throws light on the term ‘marketing’ as the activity or philosophy utilised to offer products or services in order to satisfy customers’ needs or wants. Marketing is a process of producing assorted appealing experiences that connect with varied populace and generate the desire of distributing with others. Marketing includes proper planning, scheduling and executing ideas essential for the enhancement of organisational profit margin as well as brand image. According to Kotler & et. al. marketing is referred as the discipline and the talent of investigating, generating, and conveying value in order to assure the needs and the demands of target market with specific returns. Along with these, marketing also helps to identify the unfulfilled wants and requirements. However, digital media also plays a vital role in the process of marketing as it enhances the relationship between customer and marketer. Hence, it can be depicted that marketing is a human action intended for pleasing the needs and wants through the process of replacement. In this era of globalisation, marketing is one of the essential techniques utilised by organisations in order to sustain in this competitive market in the long run. This is due to the fact that marketing develops a bond in between organisations and their clients. In order to maintain the steadiness of demands of varied products or services to sustain in the market, marketing process is highly essential for an organisation. Marketing process involves investigating the needs and the wants of the target customers. This can be possible only with the help of the strategy of marketing mix. Marketing mix is a critical tool utilised for shaping a product or brand’s exclusive selling point. It is essentially done with the help of four P’s i.e. Product, Price, Place and Promotion (Kotler & et. al., 2010). Product Product is one of the vital components of marketing mix. Products are offered by an organi sation in order to satisfy the desires and the requirements of customers. It may be tangible or intangible in nature. Tangible products are those which can be actually felt whereas intangible products are services presented to customers such as hotel service, telecom and tourism among others. Moreover, organisations also attempt to offer innovative products or services which would enhance customer demand thereby improving the position and the brand image of an organisation among others in the market (Kotler & et. al., 2010). Price Apart from product, price is the other vital constituent of marketing mix. Price is the amount a customer desires to pay for a specific product or service. Price is very essential as it determines the profit and the sustainability of an organisation in this competitive world for long run. The price of varied products or services of an organisation offers considerable impact on the marketing strategy and its transactions. Moreover, the price of product or s ervice should be reasonable and affordable for all customers. Place Place is also equally important for an organisation as it facilitates in selecting an

Elizabeth receives three proposals of marriage in Pride and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Elizabeth receives three proposals of marriage in Pride and Prejudice Essay The first sentence of the novel Pride and Prejudice states, It is the truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. This clearly demonstrates how important marriage was in the Victorian age and to the Bennet girls. Using this as the first sentence of the novel reinforces the theme of marriage from the very start. The plot of Pride and Prejudice is centred on four relationships with all of these resulting in marriage. The first relationship was between Charlotte Lucus and Mr Collins which resulted in a marriage of convenience as neither party showed any affection and thought of marriage as merely a contract that would help both sides. The second couple was Miss Lydia Bennet and Mr Wickham. In the novel Lydia and Wickham eloped and ran off to London. Mr Wickham was paid by Mr Darcy to marry Lydia. The third was between Miss Jane Bennet and Mr Bingly which was a relationship of true love. The relationship encountered many ups and downs but eventually true love triumphed. The fourth was between Mr Darcy and Miss Lizzy Bennet. This was an unusual couple as they came from very different classes in Victorian society and their marriage very nearly did not happen. This marriage was based on love. The Bennet girls had limited options in life. The first was to get married and love honour and obey their husband. The second was to become a spinster and live off her male relatives. To be a spinster you were regarded as a social outcast in society. The third was to be a governess. To get married was seen to be by far the best option for women in the Victorian age. Women had few rights. The Bennet girls had the unfortunate coincidence of being five girls in their family. This meant that they would only have a small dowry, as all money had to be split five ways. Extra pressure was mounted on the Bennet girls shoulders through Mr Collins. If Mr Bingly died the Bennet girls would have been thrown out of Longbourn in favour of Mr Collins as their house was entitled to heirs male. Miss Elizabeth Bennet is the heroine of the novel. Elizabeth has several character traits, which make it somewhat less difficult for her to refuse her first proposal from Mr Collins. These include; her perceptiveness, which enabled her to easily manipulate Mr Collins. Lizzy is very witty and we know this because it says in the text that, She has more of a quickness than her sisters. In the last paragraph of the proposal scene we see that Lizzy puts an emphasis on the personal pronouns we and I. This shows that she is as proud and self interested as Mr Collins. However, Elizabeth lacks self-awareness she is proud and prejudiced. Elizabeth wants to be seen as an intelligent, educated woman. She wants a marriage but only if it is based on love. She will not settle for merely a business arrangement. The novel of Pride and Prejudice has two comedy climaxes and both have connections with Mr Collins. The first is Mr Collins proposal. Elizabeth is genuinely shocked and embarrassed by this proposal. She nearly bursts out laughing when he says that he was Run away with by my feelings. Humour is achieved by Mr Collins manner as Austen satirises the role of a traditional clergyman. For example, he is supposed to put others first yet through the first paragraph of the proposal he uses the personal pronouns I, me and my thirteen times. Elizabeth is clearly affronted by the fact that Mr Collins believes that he is dong her and her family a service by making his proposal of marriage. He believes that Elizabeth and her family should regard him as an exceedingly good catch. Elizabeth, however, with her strong intellect does not regard Mr Collins as her equal or as her superior. She can hardly contain her fury when she replies sarcastically, I am very sensitive of the honour of your proposals but it is impossible for me to do otherwise other than to decline them. Her temper rises when Mr Collins persists with his proposal as he believes it is customary for prospective brides to reject a proposal a second or even a third time. Elizabeth, in exasperation, does her utmost to convince Mr Collins that marriage to him is completely out of the question, I am perfectly serious in my proposal. You could not make me happy. This is the basis of Elizabeths refusal she wants a marriage based on love and respect which will lead to happiness. She regards Mr Collins as beneath her in intellect and sensitivity. In her eyes, he is a pompous fool with an over-inflated sense of importance. She does not love or respect him. She feels that she would be compromising herself by accepting him his proposal and she is totally frustrated by his apparent in ability to accept her refusal. In this proposal we see that there is a character contrast between Elizabeth and Mr Collins. Mr Collins obeys orders. He admits that to Elizabeth he is following Lady Catherine de Bourghs instruction to marry when he says, It is the particular advice and recommendation of a certain noble lady whom I have the honour of calling patroness. Lizzy, however, will not be swayed by the opinion of others whatever their social status. During his proposal Mr Collins reminds Lizzy that he is, To inherit this estate after the death of your honoured father. This shows Mr Collins lack of understanding of Lizzys love for her father. This is juxtaposition between the theme of love and marriage and the death of Mr Bennet. This is very amusing for the reader. The second proposal that Elizabeth receives is from Mr Darcy. The title of this novel, Pride and Prejudice is a metaphor for Elizabeths relationship with Mr Darcy. Mr Darcy is seen by Elizabeth to be too proud. Mr Darcy is a lot further up the social strata than the Bennet family. He thinks that he would be degrading himself to marry her. He really believed, that were it not for the inferiority of her connections, he should be in some danger. Elizabeth is prejudiced against Darcy. Elizabeth has been fooled by Mr Wickhams stories of Mr Darcy. Elizabeth believes that after the death of the late Mr Darcy, Mr Darcy threw Mr Wickham out of his fathers house and failed to adhere to his promise of a family living. However later on in the novel this is confirmed to be not the case. Through the plot line we see how Austen has created hostility between Mr Darcy and Elizabeth. At their first meeting, Mr Darcy does not endear himself to Elizabeth and her family because of his superior attitude. He says of Elizabeth, She is tolerable but not handsome enough to tempt me. This dislike of Mr Darcy is increased through his interference in the relationship between Jane and Mr Bingly. He admits to Elizabeth that I did everything in my power to separate my friend from your sister. Elizabeth was very astounded by Mr Darcys first proposal. Her prejudice against him increased due to the manner in which he made this proposal. He explained to her how she had struggled with himself but was unable to stop himself from telling her, how ardently I admire and love you. However, Mr Darcy made the mistake of dwelling on what he perceived Elizabeths inferiority. Elizabeth could see that, like Mr Collins, Mr Darcy expected her to accept his proposal and it had not crossed his mind that she would do otherwise. Elizabeths anger increases because she can see that Darcy arrogantly assumes that she will marry him. Elizabeth felt herself growing more angry every moment. He openly tells her that he has tried to quell his feelings for her because a marriage to her would be degrading. This arrogance and sense of superiority and pride infuriates Elizabeth. Although she is flattered by his proposals, her prejudices make it impossible for her to accept it. She does not want to be seen as a charity case. Also, she does not want to be seen to condone what she perceives to be his ungentlemanly past behaviour towards Mr Wickham and her sister. She declares that from the very beginning she despised his arrogance, conceit and selfish disdain of the feelings of others. The third proposal that Elizabeth received was again from Mr Darcy. However, by this time Elizabeth has heard the truth about Mr Wickham and his atrocious behaviour. Her regard for Mr Darcy has grown through her understanding of the part that he played in resolving the problems with Lydias elopement and eventual marriage to Mr Wichkam. At the time of the second proposal Elizabeths prejudices against Mr Darcy have disappeared. Indeed she cannot wait to express her thanks for the part that he played in helping Lydia and ultimately her family. However, Mr Darcy tells Elizabeth that her family owe him nothing and he only cares about her. On her return to London, Lady Catherine De Burgh called on Mr Darcy to obtain the promise from Mr Darcy which she had not got from Elizabeth. She told him of her visit to Longbourn and her conversation with Elizabeth and how she had refused to promise that she would not accept a marriage proposal from Mr Darcy. The effect of her visit, had been exactly contrariwiseIt taught me to hopeI knew enough of your disposition to be certain that had you been absolutely irrevocably decided against me you would have acknowledged it to Lady Catherine frankly and openly. He humbles himself when he openly, for the second time, declares his love for Elizabeth and openly outlines his inferior traits. He confirms that he has been a selfish being all his life. He as an only child her was spoilt and not taught to control his temper. He also says admits that he was almost taught to be selfish and overbearing, to care for no-one beyond my own family circle. He tells Elizabeth that that it is she who has brought him humility. In my opinion it was not only Elizabeth who was prejudiced but Darcy too as he is prejudiced about her place in the social hierarchy. It is also not only Darcy who is proud but Elizabeth is too. She will not lower her standards and complies with the conventions of the day by consenting to marry just to please her mother or other members of society. She is determined to hold out against all the odds and marry only for love. At the end of the novel Elizabeth achieves her goal of marrying someone who will truly make her happy. This could be seen as a reflection of Jane Austens view on marriage, that is, that a good marriage is one that is based on love and mutual respect. Do anything rather than marry without affection.

The Mobot Project: Longwood :: essays research papers

The MOBOT Project: Longwood In modern engineering, a systematic approach is used in the design, operation, and construction of an object to reach a desired goal. The first step of the process employs what is commonly known as the scientific method. The next step involves forming an interdisciplinary team of specialists from not only the various engineering disciplines, but from other fields whose knowledge may be useful or even necessary to completing the project. This step doesn't apply to our project, due the confined nature of the class. Finally, considerations must be taken into account to ensure that the project is efficient as well as cost effective.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The goal of the MOBOT Project was to design and build a programmable robot. The robot had to complete a series of four movements in four given directions over a distance of at least 6 inches. Power and weight restrictions were applied to ensure the safety of the students and, more importantly, the teacher. As the goals of the project were made clearer, our group began discussing possible ideas for the design. There were some disagreements about whether we should take the electromechanical route or the purely electrical one. And after some deep thought, we all agreed that the mechanical way would be the simplest to build and the most merciful on our pocketbooks. Even though we were coming up with some good ideas, each design seemed to contain some major problems. One of the reoccurring problems dealt with the synchronization of the driver motor and the steering system. Finally the team came up with a design that allowed the drive and steering controls to be independent of one another, but still allowing each one to be linked in time. This design has now become what is known as LONGWOOD.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Longwood is divided into two main parts: 1)motion system and 2)logic board. As the engineer, I was responsible for motion design. Therefore, that will be the focus for the remainder of this section.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main components of the motion system consist of a platform, three wheels, a wheel frame, two motors, and two contact switches. Two of the wheels were connected to a motor and attached at the front end of the platform. These wheels were only allowed to move simultaneously in either a forward or reverse direction. The third wheel was hooked up to the wheel frame and free to rotate approximately 45 degrees in either direction. Figure 1.1 shows an illustration of how the wheel frame works. The wheel frame and third wheel were then attached to the platform completing the basic assembly.

Global Civil Society Essay

Over the years the civil societies have increasingly played a major role in global governance. Their involvement has attracted a lot of attention where people are skeptical about what are global civil societies. The rate at which the global civil societies are emerging as well as their political role in the globe has received a lot of attention from scholars around the world. The big question has always been how the global social society which includes the social movement and not governmental organization can form a coalition and influence the global policies. Studies have also been focused on empirical as well as the normative perspective of the global civil societies. The normative perspective of these studies focus on whether the role of the global civil society is legitimate. Whether the global civil societies have a role in making global policies and policy making democratic has been the big question (Hofmann, 2005). With the current globalization and deregulation, the role of non governmental organizations and civil movement is becoming increasingly important in the making of global policies. There is increasingly high number of key policies directly affecting a country that is made outside the state where the process is likely to be undemocratic. For this reason many of the scholars view global civil society as a potential force that is essential in making the globalization process more civilized and democratic (Colas, 2002). Global Civil Society Over the years, the meaning of civil society and their political influence has varied from time to time. Moreover, they also vary theoretically and activities undertaken from place to place. While today civil societies are separate from the states, the political thought in the 16th century did not separate the civil societies from the state. In the 17th century, civil societies included profit making organization which is not the case today. The global civil society can be seen as the political space where nonprofit making organization voluntarily and deliberately influences the governance of the society. The voluntary and deliberate acts of the civil societies influence the rules which include the policies, norms and structures that are essential in the governance of the society. The actions of the civil societies focus on both the formal and informal structures in the society. For example, they may focus on the legislation as well as the gender roles in the society or the general social order (Scholte, 2002). However, it is difficult to draw a line between the voluntary activities that influence governance and formal or market activities. For example, some civil societies are involved in the implementation of formal policies while some others are involved in business activities to raise money that is used in the funding of their campaigns. Moreover, there many cases of government and cooperate organization that have incorporated some civil societies. In pure terms, the activities of civil societies should not include or be related to quest for power which excludes political parties from the list or any monetary gains which excludes cooperate organizations and commercial media houses. The civil society therefore has several actors which includes academic institution civil movements, social advocates, lobby groups faith based organization, human rights advocates and social networks. Philanthropic organizations and organization that profit humanitarian aids are also civil societies (Scholte, 2002). However, political scientists have been skeptical about the definition of global civil society. Some scholars have disagreed with the general assumption that all civil societies that operate in different countries can be termed as global civil societies. These scholars have argued that considering transnational civil societies as global civil society is an attempt to include all non governmental organizations operating transitionally in the bracket. This will include the quasi Christian movements which are the remnants of missionaries from Europe operating in different parts of the world. These skeptics have suggested that global civil societies those civil organizations uphold universal values in the globalizing world while effectively using globalization to promote universal values. They view global civil societies as movements and organizations that use globalization to universalize the world (Anderson & Rieff, 2004). Some political scientists have also been skeptical about the values symbolized by global civil societies and their supporters. Rather that taking democracy as the basic value in the society, majority of the global civil societies appear to have taken human rights as the basic society value. Despite this the democracy in the world is greatly dependent on the role of the global civil societies. As the civil societies promote human rights, it is important to note the loopholes for human rights violation created by the democracy deficit that is present in many parts of the world. However, it is indisputable that although the global civil societies have focused on promotion of human rights, they have played an important role in the support of democracy. Some people have argued that the civil societies have concentrated more on human rights in the global society at the expense of democracy but it is evident that the two values complement each other and are both indispensable in every society (Anderson & Rieff, 2004). Examples of global civil societies that have taken an active role in global governance are the non governmental organizations. These organizations were not active in the world affairs until the United Nations was founded in 1945. The formation of the United Nations introduced provisions that made private civil organizations stronger and formal as well as enhancing the role of the role of the United Nations in the social and economic affairs of the world. There are numerous organizations all over the world that are described as non governmental organizations. Some of them operate as transnational organization while other operates at the national level. However, these non governmental organizations have fundamental characteristics. They are all independent from political influence or control by the state. There are other characteristics that exclude some organization from NGOs such as political parties, profit making organizations, and criminal groups. These conditions must be met for the organization to be recognized by the United Nations as a non governmental organization. However, some recognized non governmental organizations have been linked to political parties while many others are involved in commercial activities such as selling publications and consultancy to generate income. Nonetheless, there are no cases where non governmental organizations are incorporated in the government bureaucracy, in political parties or commercial organizations. NGOs therefore are organizations that work together with a common goal and do not aim at attaining political power, accumulating wealth or being involved in criminal activities (Willets, 2006). Global Governance Global governance is one of the most important aspects of the modern world as a result of globalization. It is a political and social interaction between nationals and societies of the world with an aim of developing solutions to the problems facing a particular society or state as a result lack of compliance. Global governance has also been referred to as world governance. In the modern world, no societies can life under social and political exclusion from the rest of the world. The world societies are becoming more and more interdependent with the rise of globalization which is as a result of human societies interrelating with each other especially in international trade. This has created the need for global governance in the context of the global world which stipulates the regulations that govern the society at the global scale (Scholte, 2005). In simple terms, global governance is a stipulation of regulations that are set to organize different groups of people on a global scale. Historically, governance could not be separated from political authority and political institutions. The traditional definition of governance is based on the formal political institutions that organizes the relations between different societies and has the authority to enforce and implement policies. A formal global government with political structures and authority may not exist for global governance. Some scholars have therefore suggested that global governance is the act of managing the global affairs without a global formal government. It is a well organized cooperation between societies of the world with concrete arrangement used in solving problems. Many organizations are involved in global governances which includes principally the United Nations and global civil societies. Global governance involves formal institutions and processes as well as informal mechanisms and institutions that work together in complex environment. The collective interests of different societies, individuals, markets, nationals and organizations are articulated in the global governance while upholding the rights and obligations of individuals (Weiss, 1998). Democracy has been an important principle that governs the global governance. Democracy determines whether the exercise of power as well as the sources of power is legitimate. Legitimate exercise of power is mandated by the people being governed who have the democratic rights to determine how they will be governed. Moreover, the individuals or institutions that are given the political powers should be worth the confidence the society places on them. Democracy is important in the global governance to reduce the possibility of leaving important decisions affecting the world societies the world to some international undemocratic institutions which may not be legitimate. Global governance requires some levels of representation of the global societies from different states or administrative units who are elected directly by the society members to represent their interests. More importantly the role of global civil societies that promote human rights and democracy by influencing policy making is important in global governance (Scholte, 2007). The development of international organizations as a result of global governance has introduced vicious institutions in the world that make important decisions affecting the world societies. This has created some inadequacies in the ability of the global governance to meet the needs of the world society. This is basically due to absence of morality, economic powers, legal foundations, democracy and good leadership. The lack of adequate legitimacy due to lack of legal foundations is the major challenge that affects the ability of global governance to organize and manage the world societies. The inadequacies in global governance are an impediment to the ensuring fair play in the world with the rise of globalization 9 Van Rooy, 2004). Examples of global governance agencies include the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization among others. These organizations were formed with the mandate of management of the social, economic and political affairs of the global world (Scholte, 2004). Global Civil Societies and Global Governance Democracy and accountability of any form of governance is essential. The case is not different in global governance. In governance guided by the principles of democracy and accountability, the leaders are answerable to their subjects for their good and bad acts. When democratic leaders perform well in their governance, they are supported by the general public. On the other hand, they are responsible for their errors and owe an explanation to the public which may force them to resign from office. However, there has been very little democracy and accountability when the arrangements in the global governance are considered. Over the years there has been unprecedented increase in the laws and institutions that affects societies in all over the world or in a given region of the world. Despite the increase in transnational policies, there regulation mechanisms are ineffective or inexistence. There is no democracy in the running of suprastate policies and institutions nor are the leaders accountable (Scholte, 2000). With this regard, there is a common belief that the global civil societies can save the situation. The world society who have been in one way or another affected by global governance due to lack of democracy and effectiveness believes that their help can only come from the organizations such as the united nations, the world trade organization and other global institutions that can influence the formulation and implementation of global policies. The disadvantages societies have also laid their hopes on global civil societies such as community based organizations, religious groups, think tanks, social and economic forums, trade unions, professional organizations and NGOs to increase their involvement in global governance (Wolf, 2006). Over the years, the civil societies have played an important role in influencing governance in the society. As the world changes the system of governance is also changing into a polycentric structure with the global and regional governance, state and substate governance. This has resulted into redirection of civil societies efforts from the traditional governance at the state level to other sites that have emerged in the complex society. The rise of globalization has made global governance inevitable which has created new needs for institutional accountability (Fraser, 2005). The involvement of global civil society in global governance has become an essential role of the civil society. A very good example is the anti globalization movement that protested against the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization and the World Bank, think tanks and forums that have proposed various changes in the global economy as well as human right movements that have advocated for the enhancement of arms controls across the borders and management of conflicts in different parts of the world. An important role has also been played by women associations who have made numerous attempts with much success in the promotion on of gender sensitivity in the global society. In the rise of global environmental degradation, it is important to note the role of environmental movements who have played an important role in the formulation and implementation of strict global environmental regulations. Trade unions have also played an important role in the promotion of international standards in the workplace. There are a large number of civil societies that are involved in the promotion of health and development and have taken an active role in the management of funds allocated to healthcare. There are also involved in the control of diseases that are considered as transworld which includes Aids, malaria and other epidemics that require global attention. There are other global civil societies that are directly involved in global governance arrangements that affect vulnerable groups such as women, children and the consumers (Scholte, 2004). Majority of the global governance institutions and agencies have realized the importance of global civil society in effectively carrying out their roles and have devised different mechanisms that are intended to accommodate the civil societies initiatives. Many of the global governance structures have developed channels that improve communication with the public through their websites and other communication channels that are aimed at addressing the concerns raised by civil societies. The result has been more accountability and transparency as the global governance agencies release more and more information to the public through the civil societies. As a method of promoting democracy within, these agencies have created room for the participation of civil societies and interest groups in their activities including workshops and conferences. Briefings to the civil societies, appointment of liaison officials from the civil societies and adoption of guidelines in personnel recruitment as stipulated by interest civil group has also increased accountability in global governance. Some global governance bodies have had formal arrangement to incorporate civil societies and interest groups in the management of their affairs where they include them in their advisory boards and the process making and implementation processes (Scholte, 2004). An example of an active involvement of civil societies in the global governance is the briefing of the International Monetary Fund to over one thousand global civil society through a quarterly newsletter. This ensures that the regulatory body is accountable and effective in carrying out its mandate. The World Bank also ensures that the information on the activities of the agency is freely accessible especially to interest civil groups and the general public. The united nation is the largest and most influential global governance agency in the world. In every United Nations global summit, the views of the civil society is put into consideration with them holding a parallel forum in every summit. Notable global civil society includes the Non Governmental Liaison Service which works with different institutions in the United Nations and the International Labor Organization which represents workers organizations and trade unions. In the years 2003, the World Trade Organization noted the important role played by civil societies and appointed a civil society advisory board (Scholte, 2004). The civil societies have played an important role in the promotion of accountability, effectiveness and democracy in global governance. They have played an important role in the promotion of transparency in the global governance formal and informal structures (Rhodes 1997). They promote democratic governance by pressing the agencies to disclose more information on their activities. This has increased public visibility through mass media, publications and websites which makes these agencies more accountable for their activities. Civil societies not only advocate for transparency of global governance agencies but also effective transparency. They understand that releasing the information to the public is one thing and understanding the details is another thing (Scholte et al, 1999). Monitoring and review of global governance policy is also an important role of the civil societies in ensuring effective, accountable and democratic governance. They act as the public watchdogs in the formulation and implementation of the policies. They ensure that the agencies comply with the stipulated guidelines, the official resolutions and declarations. They have also been involved in the review of global governance policies and how they affect different societies of the world. These reviews have been instrumental in uncovering incompetent implementers, shortfalls and the dangers associated with such policies. The civil societies have also played a role in ensuring that the global governance structures and policies do not result into ethnic strife and uprising. This in many cases may result from the dissatisfaction of some society with the distribution and misuse of resources from global governance agencies such as the International Monetary Fund or the World Bank. The civil society has also created channels through which different societies can forward their concerns, promoted formal accountability and in general advanced democracy in global governance (Scholte, 2004). Conclusion The global societies have played an important role in the promotion of democracy in the national as well as the global governance. However, political scientists are skeptical about the definition of global civil societies. In the current wave of globalization, global governance has become an important phenomenon due to the need to organize the world society as a result of interdependence. The role of the civil society is therefore essential in ensuring that the activities of the governance agencies are effective, accountable and democratic. Bibliography: Anderson, K. and Rieff, D. (2004) ‘â€Å"Global Civil Society†: A Skeptical View’, in Anheier, Helmut, Marlies Glasius and Mary Kaldor (2004) (eds. ). Global Civil Society 2004/5. London: Sage. Colas, A. (2002) International Civil Society, Polity Press, Cambridge Fraser, N. (2005) ‘Reframing Justice in a Globalizing World’, New Left Review, 36; pp. 69-88. Hofmann, J. (2005) â€Å"(Trans-) Formations of Civil Society in Global Governance Contexts – Two case studies on the problem of self-organization†, in: Gunnar Folke Schuppert (Hrsg. ): Global Governance and the Role of Non-State Actors, Band 2 der Reihe „Schriften zur Governance-Forschungâ€Å", Nomos-Verlag: Baden-Baden Karns, M. & Mingst, K. (2004). International Organizations: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance, Lynne Rienner, Boulder. Rhodes, R. A. W. (1997) Understanding Governance: Policy Networks, Governance, Reflexivity and Accountability. Open University Press, Buckingham. Scholte, J. A. (2007). Civil Society and Legitimation of Global Governance. CSGR Working Paper No. 223/07. Scholte, J. A. (2005). Globalization: A Critical Introduction, Palgrave: Basinstoke. Scholte, J. A. (2004). Civil Society and Democratically Accountable Global Governance Government and Opposition Ltd, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK: 9600 Garsington Road, Scholte, J. A. (2002) ‘Civil Society and Democracy in Global Governance’, Global Governance, 8, pp. 281-304. Scholte, J. , O’Brien, R. & Williams, M. (1999) ‘The WTO and Civil Society’, Journal of World

Essay on Youth Culture - 1434 Words

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